Teacher expecations and how they infulence kids Essay

Teacher expecations and how they infulence kids - Essay Example Expectations of teachers manifest themselves in the way they treat their students especially lower grade students who are still undergoing cognitive development. Most teachers exhibit differential behavior toward students, depending on their intellectual abilities. Such behavior may be appropriate or not. If much attention is paid to the bright students only, the rest will be disadvantaged, and may lose interest in the learning. Teachers should expect the best from all their students, irrespective of their abilities. If a teacher publicly declares the weaknesses of their students, they lose confidence in themselves (Begley, 2003). Teacher expectations of their students vary, depending on the grade they are in and their capabilities in different subjects. However, high expectations occur in the subjects considered ‘tough’ and for students in final grades. These high expectations are meant to make the concerned students work harder and meet them. However, this is not always the case, as different students will interpret this differently. High expectations exert pressure on students, and get discouraged if they fail to meet those expectations. Low expectations make students lose confidence, and interest in learning. The differential behavior by teachers results in widening of the gap between the low and high –achieving students. Some teachers choose to concentrate on the high achievers only, while others concentrate on the low-achievers as a compensatory strategy. Concentrating on low-achieving students evokes negative treatment from teachers toward such students. Such students may perceive their special treatment to be a result of their incompetency. This makes them develop low expectations of themselves and may not be motivated to work hard. For teachers to have a positive influence on their students, they should set realistic goals for their

Baseball in America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Baseball in America - Assignment Example The contribution of the frugal club owners in uplifting the Dead Ball Era is quite noteworthy. This might be owing to the reason that they had been viewed to remain much reluctant in spending money towards purchasing new balls if not required. Hence, leading to the inhibition of the players’ skills, as new balls are essentially required in the sports to maintain bowling speed and intended direction from preventing the opponent team to score runs (or points). The inhibited proficiencies of the players to perform exemplary due to their non-availability of new balls resulted in the onset of low-scoring games. This also contributed in fueling the Dead Ball Era. Furthermore, the low-scoring games became much prevalent during that period due to certain changes made in the rules while playing the game. For instance, the National League in the year 1901 adopted the rule of â€Å"foul-strike†, which counted foul balls as strikes. Prior to the adoption of this rule, the batters c ould securely swing at several marginal pitches and thus, permitted for more hits. However, with the introduction of this rule, the batters had to make numerous marginal pitches without being swung on, which eventually lessened the number of hits of the batters and prevented them from making an easier win. This ultimately resulted in low-scoring games and thus, it was duly considered one of the prime contributory aspects, which laid the foundation of the Dead Ball Era. The end of The Dead Ball Era was witnessed after the demise of Ray Chapman, who was hit in one of the innings of a â€Å"twilight game† by a ‘submarine pitch’ made by one of the players named Carl Mays in the year 1920. This was mainly due to the ball, which became discolored and harder to be seen, resulting in the fatality. The occurrence and worldwide criticism of â€Å"1919 Chicago Black Sox Scandal† also contributed in intensifying the Dead Ball Era and leading to its conclusion.  

President Franklin D. Roosevelt :: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt is proclaimed to be the first modern president of the United States. In fact, after a closer look, one could say FDR created the modern presidency. With his establishment of rhetoric as an important tool, he learned to speak directly to the American people, who then thought of him as a trustworthy person. FDR also established the United States' military base and put into motion many of the first steps towards alliances with other nations. His time in office also saw the addition of foreign policy as the executive office's job, as well as the creation of the Executive Office of the Presidency. All these additions in FDR's terms allowed him to define the executive's job, which helped to declare him the first modern president. One of FDR's strong points was rhetoric. He used it as an effective means during his terms to communicate with the American people. Previously, rhetoric held little importance for presidents, but after FDR and the beginning of the modern presidency rhetoric was an important element of the job. As Greenstein says, 'FDR [provided] a benchmark for his successors (22). He also changed the context in which speeches were given. When past presidents, such as Lincoln, gave speeches, they were to commemorate things, such as graveyards and memorials. When FDR began his presidency, he changed that. His speeches were not just to commemorate things, they were to inform the public, as well as explain things to them. For example, when FDR took office he began the practice of giving 'Fireside Chats,' which effectively used the new technology of the time. By speaking to the public over the radio, FDR established a bond with American people. He did this because of the way he spoke. Not only was FDR ca lm when talking about serious subjects, like the banking crisis, he was never condescending to the American people either. By treating the American people as equals, and referring to them as 'my friends,' FDR made the American people want to listen to him, and furthermore, believe what he said. Through this great use of rhetoric, FDR caused the public to calm down about the banking crisis, and also to give the banks another chance. Over the course of twelve years in office, FDR gave several Fireside Chats, which helped to boost the public's opinion of him. At the same time he was giving public speeches, he was also establishing a bond with the

Chronicles of Narnia

Chronicles of Narnia The Chronicles of Narnia research paper The Chronicle of Narnia is a very interesting book, it has a classic Good vs. Evil plot. In this story four brave children a saved land. The book and the movie did not have many differences except for some that were small. To begin the plot of the book, the story takes place during the Second World War in London. Their father was gone in the war and they were living with their mother, there city was getting bombed so they were forced to evacuate. Their mother sent them away to live with Professor Digory Kirke who lived on the country side. They were very bored on a rainy day in England and decided to play hiding go seek. Lucy who was the youngest child was the weakest emotionally and was many times rejected cause of her young age. While in the house playing the game she stumbled upon a room in the back of the house hidden and secluded, were she decided to go. Struggling to find a place to hide she came upon a wardrobe. While in the wardrobe she discovers that it was a portal to a snow covered forest. She was so amazed by her unexpected path into this hidden world, while searching a looking around this land she met a faun. He introduces himself as Mr. Tumnus who invites her home for some tea. Once in the house he began to talk to her, telling her about Narnia an how once it was a beautiful land until it was taken over by the evil White witch who covered the land in snow. After speaking with Mr. Tumnus on this, she had to return to her home, having spent hours in Narnia, to find that only a few minutes have passed in England. She finds her sibling an explains to them of her indifferent experience in a strange land called Narnia. She is unable to convince the others of her adventure as the wardrobe now appears merely as a wardrobe. Several weeks later another game of hide and seek is going on when Lucy and Edmund both hide in the wardrobe, and find that It leads to Narnia. This time in Narnia Edmund and Lucy both have different experiences. While in Narnia, Edmund fails to catch up with Lucy and encounters a pale lady on a sledge, after reviling her identity Edmund is unaware of her evil hold on the land of Narnia and that by using him she can gain acces to the other children an stop the prophecies from being fulfilled, but she wins him over with a few Turkish delights. After returning from Narnia this time Lucy has someone who can tell of their adventure but Edmund denies all things that happened in Narnia and the land itself. A few days later all four children scramble to avoid Mrs. Macready who is showing some visitors around the house. They hide in the wardrobe and find themselves in Narnia. Lucy guides them to Mr. Tumnus’s cave were they found that he had been arrested by the White Witch for having Lucy in his cave, they also ransacked the cave and destroyed all things. A pair of two talking beavers (Mr. and Mrs. Beaver) who shelter the children and recount an ancient prophecy that the witches power will fail when the two sons of Adam and two daughters of eve will fill the four thrones at Cair Parvel. The beavers reveal that the true king of Narnia is great Lion King named Aslant. Edmund, who is still caught up in the witches lies runs away to her castle still thinking she is honest with, while the other children go off in search for Aslant who is the only one at the time with guidance and a solution . When Edmund arrives at the White Witches’s castle she treats him badly when she finds out that he did not return with his siblings, which was the only reason she befriended Edmund. Meanwhile the children find aslant and speak with him the go off in search for their betraying brother. They save Edmund just as he is about to be killed. This presents a problem because although they saved him the witch has claim to all traitors, but aslant (who is the representative of good and purity), sacrifices himself in his place, for one who is pure can serve as a sacrifice in the place of one who is impure. Aslant is sacrificed, but comes back to life through a deeper magic. Afterwards the children wage war against the evil White Witch an her army in a classic Good vs. Evil fight. In the Final Battle the white which is destroyed by aslant and the prophecies are fulfilled. Then the children are then taken to the castle were they see that the people of Narnia have been freed from the evil witches bondage ,then the four children are then named the Kings and Queens of Narnia.. There were some differences in the book but the movie played out nicely although it exaggerated such things, the author’s purpose was not lost. Some differences about the book and movie were that in the movie the white witch froze the whole land of Narnia but in the book they were stone. Also in the last battle the movie portrayed the witch as the ultimate fighting machine who was unstoppable and killing everyone but in the book she didn’t come to the fight until the end an she only tried to kill Peter. Also at 1:45 movie time you see the beavers telling the children of the prophecy when in the book Aslant revealed this to them. Other than that the movie and the book had the same things in common the authors point was never really lost due to the fact that this author past years ago but his stories an legacy live on an were portrayed well in the movie. ?

A Guide to the History of Mongooses

Mongooses are members of the Herpestidae family, and they are small carnivorous mammals with 34 separate species found in about 20 genera. As adults, they range in size from 1-6 kilograms (2 to 13 pounds) in weight, and their body lengths range between 23-75 centimeters (9 to 30 inches). They are primarily African in origin, although one genus is widespread throughout Asia and southern Europe, and several genera are found only on Madagascar. Recent research on domestication issues (in the English language academic press, anyway), has principally focused on the Egyptian or white-tailed mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon). The Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon) is a medium-sized mongoose, adults weighing about 2-4 kg (4-8 lb.), with a slender body, about 50-60 cm (9-24 in) long, and a tail about 45-60 cm (20-24 in) long. The fur is grizzled gray, with a markedly darker head and lower limbs. It has small, rounded ears, a pointed muzzle, and a tasseled tail. The mongoose has a generalized diet that includes small to medium-sized invertebrates such as rabbits, rodents, birds, and reptiles, and they have no objections to eating the carrion of larger mammals. Its modern distribution is all over Africa, in the Levant from the Sinai peninsula to southern Turkey and in Europe in the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula. Mongooses and Human Beings The earliest Egyptian mongoose found at archaeological sites occupied by humans or our ancestors is at Laetoli, in Tanzania. H. ichneumon remains have also been recovered at several South African Middle Stone Age sites such as Klasies River, Nelson Bay, and Elandsfontein. In the Levant, it has been recovered from Natufian (12,500-10,200 BP) sites of el-Wad and Mount Carmel. In Africa, H. ichneumon has been identified in Holocene sites and in the early Neolithic site of Nabta Playa (11-9,000 cal BP) in Egypt. Other mongooses, specifically the Indian gray mongoose, H. edwardsi, are known from Chalcolithic sites in India (2600-1500 BC). A small H. edwardsii was recovered from the Harrappan civilization site of Lothal, ca 2300-1750 BC; mongooses appear in sculptures and associated with specific deities in both Indian and Egyptian cultures. None of these appearances necessarily represent domesticate animals. Domesticated Mongooses In fact, mongooses dont seem to have ever been domesticated in the true sense of the word. They dont require feeding: like cats, they are hunters and can get their own dinners. Like cats, they can mate with their wild cousins; like cats, given the opportunity, mongooses will return to the wild. There are no physical changes in mongooses over time which suggest some domestication process at work. But, also like cats, Egyptian mongooses can make great pets  if you catch them at an early age; and, also like cats, they are good at keeping the vermin down to a minimum: a useful trait for humans to exploit. The relationship between mongooses and people seems to have taken at least a step towards domestication in the New Kingdom of Egypt (1539-1075 BC). New Kingdom mummies of Egyptian mongooses were found at the 20th dynasty site of Bubastis, and in Roman period Dendereh and Abydos. In his Natural History written in the first century AD, Pliny the elder reported on a mongoose he saw in Egypt. It was almost certainly the expansion of the Islamic civilization that brought the Egyptian mongoose into southwestern Iberian peninsula, likely during the Umayyad dynasty (AD 661-750). Archaeological evidence indicates that prior to the eighth century AD, no mongooses were to be found in Europe more recently than the Pliocene. Early Specimens of Egyptian Mongoose in Europe One nearly complete H. ichneumon was found in the Cave of Nerja, Portugal. Nerja has several millennia of occupations, including an Islamic period occupation. The skull was recovered from the Las Fantasmas room in 1959, and although the cultural deposits in this room date to the latter Chalcolithic, AMS radiocarbon dates indicate that the animal went into the cave between the 6th and 8th centuries (885-40 RCYBP) and was trapped. An earlier discovery was four bones (cranium, pelvis and two complete right ulnae) recovered from the Muge Mesolithic period shell middens of central Portugal. Although Muge itself is securely dated to between 8000 AD 7600 cal BP, the mongoose bones themselves date to 780-970 cal AD, indicating that it too burrowed into early deposits where it died. Both of these discoveries support the intimation that Egyptian mongooses were brought into southwestern Iberia during the expansion of the Islamic civilization of the 6th-8th centuries AD, likely the Ummayad emirate of Cordoba, 756-929 AD. Sources Detry C, Bicho N, Fernandes H, and Fernandes C. 2011.  The Emirate of Cà ³rdoba (756–929 AD) and the introduction of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in Iberia: the remains from Muge, Portugal.  Journal of Archaeological Science  38(12):3518-3523.Encyclopedia of Life.  Herpestes. Accessed January 22, 2012Gaubert P, Machordom A, Morales A, Là ³pez-Bao JV, Veron G, Amin M, Barros T,  Basuony  M, Djagoun CAMS, San EDL et al. 2011.  Comparative phylogeography of two African carnivorans presumably introduced into Europe: disentangling natural versus human-mediated dispersal across the Strait of Gibraltar.  Journal of Biogeography  38(2):341-358.Palomares F, and Delibes M. 1993.  Social organization in the Egyptian mongoose: group size, spatial behaviour and inter-individual contacts in adults.  Animal Behaviour  45(5):917-925.Myers, P. 2000. Herpestidae (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed January 22, 2012 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich. edu/site/accounts/information/Herpestidae.html.Riquelme-Cantala JA, Simà ³n-Vallejo MD, Palmqvist P, and Cortà ©s-Sà ¡nchez M. 2008.  The oldest mongoose of Europe.  Journal of Archaeological Science 35(9):2471-2473.Ritchie EG, and Johnson CN. 2009.  Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation.  Ecology Letters 12(9):982-998.Sarmento P, Cruz J, Eira C, and Fonseca C. 2011.  Modeling the occupancy of sympatric carnivorans in a Mediterranean ecosystem.  European Journal of Wildlife Research  57(1):119-131.van der Geer, A. 2008  Animals in Stone: Indian mammals sculptured through time.  Brill: Leiden.

Curiosity Killed a Friendship Essay example - 1145 Words

How many people wonder about holes in the ceiling and cracks on the floor? When did they happen? What caused them? Or what about when you see a cigarette in someone’s hand and ask yourself how do they feel about smoking even though they know it’s dangerous. And even if people do think about these things, why? For what purpose? I guess I do it out of boredom. But is boredom really an excuse? I mean, really, how bored can a person get? I dont believe it is boredom after all, probably curiosity, which can build to all sorts of lengths, and I believe it most certainly starts there. How else can you explain why I want to know what happened to a certain somebody when a certain somebody else, punches them in the eye? I am almost positive it†¦show more content†¦One of those songs you know all the words to but dont know the name of it or who sings it, you know? Yeah anyway, back to why curiosity is the cause of all things, and why it kills all. So, my un-cool, but cool friends and I would hang out all the time. They were all great when we were alone where everyone could get along, until slowly, one by one, all of us, including myself were becoming big meanie heads. It was sad how easily our moods would change from blaming one person and loving another for the same reasons. One would talk trash about someone to the other, the other would tell the whole group and be loved because they told other people. I started noticing this pattern early on, but never said anything about it because, basically, I was conforming. Becoming something that I completely hate. To belong. Especially to a group of people I hardly know. Like a closet full of scary black shoes, and one bright orange shoe. And I guess you know who the orange shoe is, you guessed it me. (I really liked the orange shoe, but at the time I liked scary black shoes. I dont even own an orange shoe, or a scary black shoe. I really should go shopping.) Moving on, my meanie head friends and I would usually hang out and go to movies and just gossip about anything and everything. It got to the point where you probably shouldnt even trust your best friends, even though I did. One day while I was at my house, I was texting one of my friends. MyShow MoreRelatedFrom The Beginning Of Time, Humans Have Struggled To Make1030 Words   |  5 Pagescreated at a research institute.† The actuality of these monsters forming in our society drives us to insanity. In addition to realize just how real these monsters possibly are, these two men decide to play with the terror of curiosity. Pandora was also plagued with â€Å"an eager curiosity† (Course Pack 14). Because of her â€Å"there escaped a multitude of plagues† (14). Just as Pandora released a plague upon her people, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll released a plague on those around them. 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Cree Poetic Discourse By Neal Mcleod - 1640 Words

The Power of Evolution In the essay â€Å"Cree Poetic Discourse†, the author Neal McLeod addresses an intellectual problem that the western academic writing approach harms the indigenous Cree narratives. According to McLeod, the Cree narrative process, which involves poetic thinking, embraces new possibilities and keeps changing (9). This evolution process not only depends on various occasions of speaking but also depends on different storytellers and audiences who absorb stories, thus allowing Cree poetic discourse to possess dynamic feature (McLeod 9). Such dynamic narrative approach compresses space, like Neal McLeod, said, â€Å"Like the colors and shapes in the sky, like the folds and contours of water and lakes. (14) † In order to fully†¦show more content†¦The scholar McLeod himself, being a living example, uses Cree narratives to write English poetry, â€Å"Even though the stone is gone, the story lives on. Old stories give our bodies shape, and guide the path of sound, like trees guiding the wind. (13) † Mastering two or even more languages enables knowledge to carry on and pass down to others who are from different cultural backgrounds; this process of transmitting old culture through languages in a new form enhance one’s original culture to evolve. In the field of academics, the power of evolution, to a certain degree, influences the lifespan of an existing idea. Knowledge of a language can be a power to change the atmosphere of indigenous academia. For the Cree, maintaining traditional cultural connections while absorbing western education empowers them to solve â€Å"narrative violence† in western academia. For instance, a well-educated Cree can become a scholar and write articles in English to address the intellectual problem of Cree culture. And if this person feels a lack of empathy engaging in poetic narration he or she still have access to consult the old Cree people. Besides, western scholars are open to new thoughts and incorporate creative space into indigenous scholarly writing system. In Zadie Smith’s essay â€Å"Generation Why†, her view about social